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Mandate
Academy
Designed for Founders. Executed for Institutions.
01
ENTERPRISE, OWNERSHIP & CAPITAL FOUNDATIONS
EQUITY ARCHITECTURE
OWNERSHIP ARCHITECTURE
(Founder Equity / Investor Equity)
CAP TABLE & OWNERSHIP MECHANICS
SHARE CLASS ARCHITECTURE
(Ordinary Shares / Preference Shares)
SHARES OUTSTANDING
MARKET CAPITALISATION
DILUTION MECHANICS
FULLY DILUTED OWNERSHIP MECHANICS
(Shares / Ownership / Post-Money Ownership / Option Pool Dilution)
PRE-MONEY & POST-MONEY
PRE-MONEY OPTION POOL MECHANICS
MUSHARAKAH CAPITAL STRUCTURING
02
VALUATION & EQUITY ECONOMICS
VALUATION ARCHITECTURE
ENTERPRISE VALUE vs EQUITY VALUE
ENTERPRISE VALUE-TO-EQUITY BRIDGE
EQUITY & MARKET METRICS
(EPS)
VALUATION MULTIPLES
FINANCIAL & VALUATION ANALYTICS
(Free Cash Flow / EBIT / EV/EBITDA)
VALUATION METHODOLOGIES
(Comparable Companies / Precedent Transactions / DCF)
QUALITY OF EARNINGS
(QoE)
ACCRETION & DILUTION ANALYSIS
03
CAPITAL FORMATION & FUNDRAISING
FUNDING ROUNDS & CAPITAL STAGES
PRIMARY & SECONDARY EQUITY TRANSACTIONS
CAPITAL RAISING MECHANICS
(Private Placement / Equity Issuance / Capital Raise)
CAPITAL RAISING MATERIALS
(Pitch Deck / Information Memorandum / Blueprint / Master Plan)
CAPITAL NARRATIVE & INVESTOR COMMUNICATION
INVESTOR RELATIONS
(IR)
04
INVESTMENT INSTRUMENTS & EQUITY ENGINEERING
CONVERTIBLE & HYBRID INSTRUMENTS
(Convertible Instruments / Convertible Note / SAFE / Warrants)
EQUITY INCENTIVE ARCHITECTURE
(ESOS / ESS / SIG / Sweat Equity)
FOUNDER & MANAGEMENT EQUITY MECHANICS
(Founder Vesting / Reverse Vesting / Cliff / Good Leaver-Bad Leaver)
ALTERNATIVE EQUITY STRUCTURES
(Hurdle Shares / Synthetic Equity)
RATCHET & ANTI-DILUTION MECHANICS
PRE-EMPTION & PARTICIPATION RIGHTS
LIQUIDATION & PREFERENCE MECHANICS
(Liquidation Preference / Deemed Liquidation Event / Liquidation Waterfall)
DISTRIBUTION WATERFALL MECHANICS
05
INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS & SHAREHOLDER ARCHITECTURE
TRANSACTION NEGOTIATION & TERM ECONOMICS
TRANSACTION & INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS
(SHA / SSA / SPA / Term Sheet / Investment Agreement)
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS & TRANSFER MECHANICS
(ROFR / ROFO / Tag Along / Drag Along)
TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS & LIQUIDITY CONTROLS
(Lock-Up)
SHAREHOLDER PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE
(Founder Protection / Minority Protection)
DEADLOCK & EXIT MECHANICS
(Deadlock / Buy-Sell / Call & Put)
06
GOVERNANCE, AUTHORITY & CONTROL
GOVERNANCE ARCHITECTURE
FOUNDER CONTROL ARCHITECTURE
CONTROL RIGHTS ARCHITECTURE
(Board Control / Voting Rights / Protective Provisions / Information Rights)
CONTROL WITHOUT MAJORITY OWNERSHIP
(Negative Control / Veto & Blocking Rights)
RESERVED MATTERS ARCHITECTURE
(Reserved Matters / Board Reserved / Shareholder Reserved)
DECISION RIGHTS & AUTHORITY ARCHITECTURE
(Decision Charter / DOA / Approval Matrix)
BOARD GOVERNANCE ARCHITECTURE
(Board Composition / Board Charter / Directors' Duties)
GOVERNANCE INFORMATION & REPORTING ARCHITECTURE
RISK, INTERNAL CONTROL & ASSURANCE ARCHITECTURE
CONFLICT & RELATED-PARTY GOVERNANCE
(Conflict of Interest / RPT)
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INSTRUMENTS
(Board Resolution / Shareholders' Resolution / Constitution)
07
CAPITAL STRUCTURE & FINANCING
CAPITAL ARCHITECTURE
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
CAPITAL STACK & FINANCING ARCHITECTURE
(Debt vs Equity / Debt Financing / Mezzanine / Bridge)
DEBT CAPACITY & COVENANT ARCHITECTURE
COST OF CAPITAL ARCHITECTURE
(Cost of Capital / WACC)
STRUCTURAL SUBORDINATION
CAPITAL ALLOCATION
CASH FLOW & WORKING CAPITAL ARCHITECTURE
CAPITAL RUNWAY MANAGEMENT
(Runway / Burn Rate)
DIVIDEND & DISTRIBUTION POLICY
08
CORPORATE ACTIONS & STRATEGIC CAPITAL ENGINEERING
CORPORATE ACTIONS & CAPITAL REORGANISATION
(Bonus Issue / Rights Issue / Share Split / Capital Reduction / Share Consolidation)
SHARE BUYBACK
PROFIT POOL LAYERING™
FIREWALL ENTITY STRATEGY™
RED DOT STRATEGY™
09
CORPORATE STRUCTURING & RESTRUCTURING
CORPORATE & SPV STRUCTURING
(Holding / Subsidiary / SPV / Cross-Shareholding / JV)
JOINT VENTURE & STRATEGIC ALLIANCE ARCHITECTURE
TAX-AWARE CORPORATE STRUCTURING
CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING
DISTRESS, TURNAROUND & RESTRUCTURING MECHANICS
10
M&A & TRANSACTION EXECUTION
TRANSACTION DUE DILIGENCE & DATA ROOM ARCHITECTURE
(Financial / Commercial / Legal DD)
M&A TRANSACTION MECHANICS
TRANSACTION EXECUTION MECHANICS
(Conditions Precedent / R&W / Indemnity / Closing)
LOCKED-BOX MECHANISM
EARN-OUT MECHANICS
EQUITY ROLL-OVER
BUYOUT STRUCTURES
(MBO / MBI / LBO)
POST-MERGER INTEGRATION
(PMI)
11
LIQUIDITY, SECONDARIES & STRATEGIC EXIT
LIQUIDITY & EXIT PATHWAYS
(Partial Exit / Secondary / Trade Sale / Strategic Sale)
GP-LED SECONDARY
12
IPO & EQUITY CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL-MARKET READINESS
IPO & LISTING READINESS
(IPO Readiness / Pre-IPO / Admission Tests / Public Float / Moratorium / Listing Requirements)
EQUITY CAPITAL MARKETS MECHANICS
(Prospectus / Bookbuilding / Underwriting / Institutional Placement)
13
INSTITUTIONAL CONTINUITY
SUCCESSION & KEY-PERSON RISK ARCHITECTURE
(Succession / Founder Succession / Key-Person Dependency)
INSTITUTIONAL CONTINUITY